Western
A subgenre of the typical western film is a "Spaghetti Western," ironically the most influential subsection within the Western Genre. a "Spaghetti Western" is a Western film created primarily in Italy by Italian nationals. Arguably the most influential movie within the Western Genre, a "Fistful of Dollars," falls under this genre, and was the film that first caused the subgenre to emerge. The film popularized the image of the gritty, lone desperado wandering the frontier, enforcing his own brand of justice among the usually-lawless frontier, infested with gangs, degenerates, and criminals galore.
Another change that are often present in Spaghetti Westerns are that the protagonists are often sympathetic Antiheroes, as opposed to having a clean Good vs. Bad split. While the protagonist is often the character the audience sympathizes with most, Spaghetti Westerns introduced the masses to the moral ambiguity that often comes with vigilante justice. While these may be staples within the wider Genre now, Spaghetti Westerns were the primary influence for all of these changes
Historical Film
A subgenre of the usual Historical film is Historical Fiction. Historical Fiction doesn't follow events exactly; while they are used for the setting and contextualize the events occurring within the movie, the Movie is not based around a real story, and is instead heavily dramatized or even entirely made up. Historical Fiction is a rather popular genre, and has many examples among the film industry that are very influential.
An example of a Historical Fiction is Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark. While taking place within the setting of the late 1930's, Events that did not occur at the time are shown within the movie, especially the mythical "Lost Ark" that melts the antagonists within the movie. Additionally, the film, the "300," which follows Spartan Warriors fighting against the Persian Empire despite being heavily outnumbered, could also be considered Historical Fiction. The reasoning behind this lies in the fact that while the Battle of Thermapolye did occur, many events within the movie are dramatized and never actually occurred, and there are many inconsistences with the events in the movie and the actual events.
Horror
the Horror genre focuses on capitalizing on fear for entertainment value or to provoke philosophical introspection on aspects of society or even reality itself. One of the most common types of Horror is Thriller Horror. Thriller Horror intends to keep the Audience glued to their screens with an engaging plot, mystery, and antagonists, making the stakes high to keep audiences glued.
The most classic example of a Thriller Horror is Alfred Hitchcock's "Dial M For Murder," which uses many elaborate angles in order to make the Movie, which would otherwise be rather forgettable due to it's subpar plot and lack of action, into a Thriller classic that set the standard for today's industry. Thrillers like this have taken after Hitchcock in this way, and use brilliantly-done set pieces and cinematography to heavily enhance the suspenseful elements of the story.
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